The Spaniards trekked 800 miles across the central Andes with limited supplies, facing altitude sickness and extreme weather. Native porters and forced labor were essential for moving equipment and gold. Many Spaniards died from exposure, disease, and the harsh environment.
View full episode →“Tariffs act as instant taxes that destroy margins without building domestic capacity.”
“Rational industrial policy requires detailed mapping of supply chains to identify critical upstream suppliers.”
“A group of foreign buyers can collectively fund a domestic supplier, creating a homegrown supply chain.”